Die Evolution einer Standardarchitektur für Betriebliche Informationssysteme

Echterhoff D, Grasmugg S, Mersch S, Mönckemeyer M, Spitta T, Wrede S. Die Evolution einer Standardarchitektur für Betriebliche Informationssysteme. In: Spitta T, Borchers J, Sneed HM, eds. Software-Management 2002. LNI. Vol P-23. Bonn: GI e.V.; 2002: 131-142.The paper outlines the history of a standard architecture for small and medium sized administrative systems. It has been developped 1985 in the Schering AG / Berlin, and applied in several firms over more than 15 years. Some of the about 150 applications, developped and maintained by more than 100 programmers, are still in operation. In 1999 a revision of the architecture and a new implementation in Java was started. The latest version is a four-level-architecture for distributed systems with a browser as user interface. Aside architectural considerations we discuss some of our design and implementation experiences with java

Internet of things

Manual of Digital Earth / Editors: Huadong Guo, Michael F. Goodchild, Alessandro Annoni .- Springer, 2020 .- ISBN: 978-981-32-9915-3Digital Earth was born with the aim of replicating the real world within the digital world. Many efforts have been made to observe and sense the Earth, both from space (remote sensing) and by using in situ sensors. Focusing on the latter, advances in Digital Earth have established vital bridges to exploit these sensors and their networks by taking location as a key element. The current era of connectivity envisions that everything is connected to everything. The concept of the Internet of Things(IoT)emergedasaholisticproposaltoenableanecosystemofvaried,heterogeneous networked objects and devices to speak to and interact with each other. To make the IoT ecosystem a reality, it is necessary to understand the electronic components, communication protocols, real-time analysis techniques, and the location of the objects and devices. The IoT ecosystem and the Digital Earth (DE) jointly form interrelated infrastructures for addressing today’s pressing issues and complex challenges. In this chapter, we explore the synergies and frictions in establishing an efficient and permanent collaboration between the two infrastructures, in order to adequately address multidisciplinary and increasingly complex real-world problems. Although there are still some pending issues, the identified synergies generate optimism for a true collaboration between the Internet of Things and the Digital Earth

Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI)

Echterhoff G, Hellmann J, Back MD, Kärtner J, Morina N, Hertel G. Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI). Perspectives on Psychological Science. 2020;15(4):856-879.The successful management of refugee immigration, including refugee integration in host societies, requires a sound understanding of underlying psychological processes. We propose the psychological antecedents of refugee integration (PARI) model, highlighting perceived forcedness (i.e., coercion and loss of control from “push” factors) and ensuing perils (risks and potential suffering during migration) as distinctive factors of refugee (vs. voluntary) migration. According to our model, perceptions and subjective representations of forcedness and associated perils activate specific psychological processes relevant to refugee integration and thus moderate responses to the demands and stressors of the immigration situation. We conceptualize these distinctive influences for integration-relevant processes in both refugees and in residents. By pinpointing the unique features of refugee migration, PARI generates novel and specific hypotheses about psychological processes predicting refugee integration. For instance, refugees’ memories of forcedness and associated perils should lead to a high level of preoccupation with the restoration of basic needs after arrival in a receiving country that interferes with integration-related activities. Conversely, residents’ perceptions of forcedness and related perils may enhance empathy with refugees but may also magnify feelings of anxiety and threat. Implications for refugee integration are discussed for the domains of occupational work, education, and mental health

Support for Refugee Integration in West and East Germany Results From Two Lost Letter Studies

Hellmann JH, Forthmann B, Knausenberger J, et al. Support for Refugee Integration in West and East Germany Results From Two Lost Letter Studies. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY. 2020;51(2):106-115.Prior research has reported less favorable attitudes toward and more violent crimes against ethnic out-group members in East (vs. West) Germany. We conducted two pre-registered lost letter studies in West versus East German cities (Study 1, N = 400) and in West versus East German rural areas (Study 2, N = 400). To investigate supportive behavior regarding refugee integration, we manipulated the addressee (refugee-integration vs. immigration-stop projects). Contrary to predictions, letter return rates did not differ between West and East Germany. Across western and eastern German regions, return rates were higher for the refugee-integration project in urban areas while no differences emerged in rural areas. A pooled analysis found greater support for the refugee-integration (vs. immigration-stop) project